Subject Overview
Science at 13+ represents a crucial assessment point for pupils transitioning to senior schools. The examination tests not merely factual recall but genuine scientific thinking, practical application, and problem-solving abilities. Pupils face questions spanning biology, chemistry, and physics, requiring them to demonstrate breadth of knowledge whilst maintaining accuracy across diverse topics.
What makes 13+ Science particularly challenging is the depth of understanding required. Examiners design questions to separate those who have merely memorised facts from pupils who genuinely comprehend scientific principles. Successful candidates demonstrate clear scientific communication, logical reasoning, and the ability to apply knowledge to unfamiliar scenarios.
Success in 13+ Science demands three core elements: comprehensive topic coverage across all three sciences, excellent exam technique including time management and question interpretation, and the ability to articulate scientific explanations clearly using appropriate terminology.
Exam Format
Most 13+ Science examinations consist of one or two papers, typically lasting 60-75 minutes each. Common arrangements include:
- Single paper covering biology, chemistry, and physics (60-90 minutes, 60-100 marks)
- Two separate papers, each focusing on 2-3 sciences (60 minutes each, 50-60 marks per paper)
- School-specific formats with varying question distributions
Question types typically include:
- Multiple choice questions testing factual knowledge
- Short answer questions requiring concise explanations
- Data analysis questions involving graphs, tables, or experimental results
- Extended response questions demanding detailed scientific reasoning
- Calculation questions across physics and chemistry topics
Leading exam boards for 13+ include ISEB (Independent Schools Examinations Board) Common Entrance and individual school papers. ISEB papers follow standardised formats, whilst school-specific examinations may emphasise particular topics or question styles reflecting their curriculum priorities.
Topic Breakdown
Biology (approximately 33% of marks):
- Cell structure and function - essential foundation (high importance)
- Human biology: organ systems, nutrition, respiration (very high importance)
- Plant biology: photosynthesis, reproduction, structure (high importance)
- Classification and biodiversity (medium importance)
- Ecology and environmental science (high importance)
- Genetics and inheritance basics (medium to high importance)
Chemistry (approximately 33% of marks):
- Atomic structure and the periodic table (very high importance)
- Chemical reactions and equations (very high importance)
- Acids, bases, and salts (high importance)
- States of matter and particle theory (high importance)
- Metals and non-metals, including reactivity series (high importance)
- Separating mixtures: filtration, distillation, chromatography (medium importance)
Physics (approximately 33% of marks):
- Forces and motion, including speed calculations (very high importance)
- Energy types, transfers, and conservation (very high importance)
- Electricity: circuits, current, voltage, resistance (very high importance)
- Magnetism and electromagnetism (medium importance)
- Light, sound, and waves (high importance)
- Space physics basics (medium importance)
Common areas of difficulty include chemical equation balancing, circuit diagrams and calculations, force diagrams with multiple forces, interpreting unfamiliar data or graphs, and articulating explanations using precise scientific vocabulary.
Key Skills Required
Scientific knowledge and understanding: Pupils must demonstrate comprehensive factual knowledge across all three sciences, assessed through direct questions and application scenarios. Development requires systematic revision covering all topics, regular self-testing to identify gaps, and connecting related concepts across different sciences.
Mathematical application: Science examinations include calculations involving formulae, unit conversions, graph plotting and interpretation, and percentage calculations. Strengthen these skills through dedicated calculation practice, ensuring formula recall and unit accuracy, and working systematically through multi-step problems.
Practical and investigative skills: Questions assess understanding of experimental methods, apparatus usage, variables and controls, and drawing conclusions from results. Develop competency by reviewing practical work completed in lessons, analysing sample experiments, and practising planning investigations.
Scientific communication: Examiners expect clear, logical explanations using correct terminology, appropriate labelling of diagrams, and structured extended responses. Improve through regular written practice, studying mark schemes to understand required detail, and reviewing examiner reports for common weaknesses.
Revision Strategy
Timeline Recommendations:
Ideally, begin focused revision 3-4 months before examinations. Structure revision into distinct phases:
- Months 3-4 before exams: Complete comprehensive topic coverage, creating concise revision notes for each area
- Months 2-3 before exams: Begin regular practice questions, identifying and addressing weak topics
- Month 1 before exams: Intensive past paper practice under timed conditions, final topic reviews
- Final 2 weeks: Past paper completion, reviewing mistakes, consolidating key concepts
Study Techniques:
Employ active revision methods rather than passive reading. Create condensed notes summarising key information for each topic. Use flashcards for terminology, equations, and factual recall. Draw and redraw diagrams from memory, particularly for cell structure, circuits, and organ systems. Teach concepts aloud to identify gaps in understanding. Complete regular practice questions to apply knowledge actively.
Resource Allocation:
Balance time proportionally across biology, chemistry, and physics, adjusting for individual strengths and weaknesses. Allocate approximately 40% of revision time to areas of difficulty, 35% to consolidating moderate topics, and 25% maintaining strong areas. Avoid the temptation to over-revise comfortable topics at the expense of challenging ones.
Practise Schedule:
Incorporate regular question practice throughout revision. Initially focus on topic-specific questions to build confidence, progressing to mixed-topic papers replicating exam conditions. Aim for at least 8-10 complete practice papers in the final month, thoroughly reviewing each paper to understand mistakes and marking criteria.
Practise & Resources
Past Papers: ISEB provides past Common Entrance papers available through Galore Park. Schools often share their specific past papers during preparation. Complete papers under timed conditions, marking rigorously against official mark schemes. Analyse patterns in question types and frequently tested topics.
Mark Schemes: Study mark schemes carefully to understand acceptable answer formats and required detail. Examiner reports, when available, provide invaluable insight into common errors and misconceptions. Use these to refine answer technique and ensure sufficient detail in explanations.
Practise Questions: CGP publishes comprehensive 13+ Science question books covering all topics with detailed answers. Galore Park's Common Entrance Science revision guides include topic-by-topic questions and practice papers. Focus on questions requiring explanation and application rather than simple recall.
Recommended Materials:
- CGP 13+ Science Complete Revision & Practise
- Galore Park Common Entrance Science textbooks and revision guides
- ISEB revision guides for Common Entrance Science
- BBC Bitesize KS3 Science for topic reinforcement
- Collins KS3 Science workbooks for additional practice
Expert Support from Taylor Tuition
Our specialist Science tutors bring extensive experience preparing pupils for 13+ examinations across all formats and schools. We provide personalised revision plans tailored to individual strengths, weaknesses, and target schools, ensuring efficient use of preparation time and comprehensive topic coverage.
Our exam technique coaching develops essential skills beyond content knowledge: effective time management across multi-section papers, approaching unfamiliar question types confidently, structuring extended answers for maximum marks, and avoiding common examiner-identified pitfalls. Pupils learn to interpret questions accurately and communicate scientific understanding clearly.
Through regular practice papers with detailed feedback, topic-specific intensive sessions addressing identified weaknesses, and strategic guidance on resource prioritisation, we maximise every pupil's potential. Our tutors understand the nuances between ISEB papers and school-specific examinations, adapting preparation accordingly.
Secure your place with a specialist 13+ Science tutor today. Visit our enquiry page to discuss your child's preparation needs and discover how tailored expert support transforms exam performance.